| brake dust can be very damaging and very detrimental to wheels when not cleaned properly. Couple of items in preventive side. Switch to ceramic brake pads as possible. Wash your wheels weekly. Seal your wheels with wheel or paint sealant. If chrome, then polish monthly while cleaning weekly.
As for wheels that have been exposed for a long time. Are they painted ?? Then use an aggressive Wheel Cleaner like Poorboys Spray and Rinse (follow directions completely) and then polish them by hand with a paint polish. Are they metal ?? Then you are going to move to a wheel cleaner SPECIFIC to that wheel type, and then you are going to polish with a metal polish SPECIFIC to the wheel type. Consider a Mothers Powerball Mini to help. | 
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